Тема: Политическая система Великобритании
The United Kingdom is a state with a constitutional monarchy and it is governed within a parliamentary democracy. The head of the state is the monarch who is a hereditary member of the Royal Family, and the head of the government is the prime-minister. In practice, the monarch takes little part in the government’s work, he or she just gets weekly oral reports from the prime-minister. The UK has a devolved system of government. The executive power is exercised by the British government, as well as the devolved governments of the Scottish Parliament, Welsh Assembly and Northern Ireland Assembly. The most important departments in the government are the Treasury, the Home Office, the Foreign and Commonwealth Office. The treasury is responsible for raising of all taxes and the general management of the economy. The Home Office is responsible for criminal matters, policing, and immigration. The Foreign and Commonwealth Office is responsible for all international relationships.
The legislative body for the UK and British overseas territories is introduced by the Parliament of the UK, as well as the Scottish Parliament, Welsh and Northern Ireland Assemblies. The UK Parliament consists of two legislative parliamentary bodies, the House of Lords (the upper chamber) and the House of Commons (the lower chamber). All legislation has to be approved by both Houses of Parliament. The House of Commons consists of democratically elected Members of Parliament from different political parties, while most members of the House of Lords are hereditary peers. General elections are held every five years.
The UK judiciary power is independent of the legislative and executive powers. The highest court is the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom.
The British parliamentary system is a multi-party system. Each of the United Kingdom parliaments or assemblies has elected political parties. The major parties in England are the Labour, the Conservative and the Liberal Democratic parties. Meanwhile the dominant party in Scotland is the Scottish National Party.
The United Kingdom has no written constitution. It is not codified and is made up of constitutional conventions and acts of Parliament.
Wales
A part of the United Kingdom
Wales is a part of the United Kingdom. The country borders on England in the east and is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea in the west. Wales is not a very big country with a population of about three million people. There are two official languages in Wales – Welsh and English, both of which are taught in schools.
Wales’s landscape
Much of Wales’s landscape is mountainous, especially in the north and central regions. The highest mountain is Snowdon. There are also a lot of beautiful lakes in the country. These are Wales’s picturesque landscapes that attract tourists from all over the world.
Cardiff
Wales is primarily an agricultural country. There aren’t many big cities in Wales. The capital of the country is Cardiff, which is considered to be the largest media centre in the UK outside of London. There is a Roman castle and a modern shopping centre in the city as well as a cathedral and university. Cardiff is also an industrial city.
Culture
Wales has its own interesting culture including language, customs, holidays and music. The country is represented by the symbol of the red Welsh Dragon, which is depicted on the national flag. The flag of Wales, brought to Britain by Romans, is one of the oldest in the world. Other symbols of the country are leeks and daffodils. These are usually worn on Saint David’s Day, which is celebrated on the 1st of March. Saint David is the patron saint of Wales. The country has its own national game called rugby.
Places to visit
One can visit a number of beautiful places in Wales. There are three national parks: Snowdonia, Brecon and Pembrokeshire Coast. Wales has also four Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
Conclusion
So, Wales is a really nice country to visit
Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland is the integral part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It is situated in the northeastern part of the island. Northern Ireland is bounded by the North Channel on the north and northeast, by the Irish Sea on the southeast and by the Republic of Ireland on the south and west. It includes several offshore islands and Rathlin Island in the North Channel.
Northern Ireland includes six of the nine counties that constituted the former province of Ulster, that is why Northern Ireland is sometimes unofficially called Ulster.
The total area of Northern Ireland is 13 843 square kilometers, and its population is 1,810,863 people.
The country is situated on a low, flat plain. In its center there is the largest lake of the British Isles - Lough Neagh. Other important lakes are Upper Lough Erne and Lough Erne.
The climate of Northern Ireland is damp and mild.
The most valuable natural resources of Northern Ireland are its rich pasture lands, natural waterpower and fertile soil. The main minerals are limestone, basalt, granite, sand, gravel, clay, chalk and shale. Iron ore, coal and bauxite are also found in small amounts.
Belfast is the capital and largest city of Northern Ireland. Londonderry is another major city of Northern Ireland.
Belfast is famous for its theatres, various literature activities, opera and ballet. The Ulster Symphony Orchestra is one of the leading orchestras of Britain. Queen's University hosts the annual Belfast Festival. There are two national museums in Northern Ireland: the Ulster Folk and Transport Museum in Hollywood and the Ulster Museum in Belfast, which houses a collection of Irish antiquities.
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